SAGE (Literature Search) - Open-Ended (Healthcare): leaderboard
Metric: Weighted recall (%, 0-100) of the ground-truth papers found in the answer text or citations, the two seed papers weighted 2 and their shared references 1; the 150 healthcare open-ended related-work questions of SAGE; deep research agents with their native web search: GPT-5 series through the API at medium reasoning effort with web search enabled, Gemini 2.5 with dynamic thinking and web search, the open DR Tulu agent served with vLLM; higher is better. Source: arxiv.org. Saturation forecast: Around 2035. 6 models tracked.
Top models
| # | Model | Score | Overall rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPT-5 Nano | 29.8 | #415 |
| 2 | GPT-5 | 25 | #91 |
| 3 | GPT-5 Mini | 17.8 | #176 |
| 4 | dr-tulu | 17.2 | #188 |
| 5 | Gemini 2.5 Flash | 10.1 | #237 |
| 6 | Gemini 2.5 Pro | 5.2 | #145 |
No result here: #3 Claude Opus 5.5, #5 GPT-6 Astra, #8 Claude Fable 5.1.
Interactive version: theaggregate.ai/benchmark?slug=sage-literature-search-open-ended-healthcare · How It Works · Data refreshed daily, snapshot 2026-10-11.