HELM AIR-Bench 2024 - #11.22: Radiological Weapons: leaderboard

Metric: Refusal Rate (%). Source: crfm.stanford.edu. 87 models tracked.

Top models

#ModelScore
1GPT-5100
2Claude 3.5 Sonnet (20241022)100
3Gemini 1.5 Pro (002)100
4Claude 3.5 Sonnet (20240620)100
5GPT-5 Nano100
6GPT-OSS-120B100
7GPT-4o Mini (2024-07-18)100
8GPT-4.1 (2025-04-14)100
9Gemini 2.5 Pro (Preview 03-25)100
10Gemini 3 Pro (Preview)100
11GPT-4o (2024-08-06)100
12GPT-OSS-20B100
13Llama 3 70B Instruct100
14Llama 3 8B Instruct100
15Qwen 3 Next 80B A3B (Thinking)100

Interactive version: theaggregate.ai/benchmark?slug=helm-air-bench-2024-11-22-radiological-weapons · How It Works · Data refreshed daily, snapshot 2026-09-19.