aiXamine - Over-Refusal: leaderboard
Metric: Service score (0-100; normalized pass rate). Source: arxiv.org. 42 models tracked.
Top models
| # | Model | Score |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gemma 3 27B | 94.6 |
| 2 | GPT-4o | 94.4 |
| 3 | Gemini 3 Flash (Preview) | 94.4 |
| 4 | Grok 3 Mini | 94.4 |
| 5 | Llama 4 Scout | 94 |
| 6 | Llama 3.3 70B | 94 |
| 7 | Llama 3.2 3B | 93.8 |
| 8 | Gemma 3 12B | 93.1 |
| 9 | DeepSeek R1 0528 | 91.5 |
| 10 | Gemini 2.5 Flash | 90.4 |
| 11 | Llama 3.1 8B | 90.3 |
| 12 | Gemma 3 4B | 90 |
| 13 | DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 8B | 89.2 |
| 14 | Grok 4 Fast | 88.3 |
| 15 | Grok 4.1 Fast | 88.2 |
Interactive version: theaggregate.ai/benchmark?slug=aixamine-over-refusal · How It Works · Data refreshed daily, snapshot 2026-09-19.